I am not sure where this is coming from, I have dumped a copy of your query as json look at the column mapping the id which i believe is your primary key is being set to 3, find out where that is coming from and you have your problem solved.
[b]SQLSTATE[23000]: Integrity constraint violation: 1062 Duplicate entry '3' for key 'PRIMARY'
The SQL being executed was: INSERT INTO `person` (`angelegt_von`, `angelegt_am`, `aktualisiert_am`, `id_person_art`, `id_person_mitarbeiter`, `id_personentyp_dominant`, `id_personentyp_peripher`, `id_personentyp_defizit`, `id_familienstand`, `id_anrede`, `id_titel`, `vorname`, `nachname`, `anrede_persoenlich`, `anrede_duzen`, `geburtsdatum`, `geburtsort`, `geburtsland`, `bemerkung_intern`, `schwerbehindert`, `einschraenkungen`, `aktiv`, `zuletzt_deaktiviert_am`, `aktualisiert_von`, `id`) VALUES (2, NOW(), NOW(), 2, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 4, 1, NULL, 'llll', 'oooo', 1, 1, NULL, '', '', '', 1, '', 1, NULL, 2, 3)[/b]
// INSERT INTO person
// Integrity constraint violation: 1062 Duplicate entry '3' for key 'PRIMARY'
{
"angelegt_von": 2,
"angelegt_am": NOW(),
"aktualisiert_am": NOW(),
"id_person_art": 2,
"id_person_mitarbeiter": NULL,
"id_personentyp_dominant": NULL,
"id_personentyp_peripher": NULL,
"id_personentyp_defizit": NULL,
"id_familienstand": 4,
"id_anrede": 1,
"id_titel": NULL,
"vorname": 'llll',
"nachname": 'oooo',
"anrede_persoenlich": 1,
"anrede_duzen": 1,
"geburtsdatum": NULL,
"geburtsort": '',
"geburtsland": '',
"bemerkung_intern": '',
"schwerbehindert": 1,
"einschraenkungen": '',
"aktiv": 1,
"zuletzt_deaktiviert_am": NULL,
"aktualisiert_von": 2,
"id": 3,
}